What exactly counts as a UMC and what does not? ?

hi, A UMC (Unfair Means Case) refers to any act of academic dishonesty during examinations or evaluations. It includes copying from another student, using unauthorized notes or electronic devices, impersonation, sharing answers, writing on body parts or stationery, or helping others cheat. Possession of prohibited material, even if unused, may also count as a UMC. What does not count as UMC includes genuine mistakes, poor performance, forgetting answers, or following permitted exam rules (such as using allowed calculators or open-book material when approved). Accidental actions without dishonest intent are usually reviewed before declaring a UMC.